On Jan. 4 at 8:00 a.m. EST (12:00 GMT), Earth reached its perihelion for 2014. The perihelion of a planet’s orbit occurs when the planet is at its least distance from its star during a particular orbital cycle.
The perihelion date varies between Jan. 1 and Jan. 5, while the aphelion date varies between July 2 and July 6.
The times of the perihelion and aphelion clearly show that Earth’s seasons are primarily dependent on the tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis, not its distance from the Sun. While there is a significant difference in radiant heat, the incident angle of sunlight upon the planet is far more significant. Another important factor is the larger land area in the Northern Hemisphere compared to the larger ocean area in the Southern Hemisphere, leading the Northern Hemisphere to warm more easily.
You can find more information about the perihelion here.
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